Frequently asked question: What does HIV do to your body if you don't take any medication?
The HIV virus needs special immune cells, the CD4 cells, to replicate itself. The HIV particles go looking in your blood for these CD4 cells, which they can enter easily because they fit together exactly. Once inside, the HIV virus uses the CD4 cell as a kind of copying machine to replicate itself. The HIV virus forces the healthy CD4 cell to make new virus particles. Eventually, the CD4 cell opens up (bursts) and is then so damaged that it dies. The new virus particles that are released enter the body and all look for another CD4 cell. The whole process starts all over again and more and more immune cells are broken down.
The immune cells that are affected by an HIV infection are T cells and other CD4 cells (such as macrophages and dendritic cells). T cells have an important regulatory role within the immune system. They are made in the bone marrow and continue to grow in the thymus (T). In the thymus, they learn the difference between the body's own substances and foreign substances. Then they leave the thymus and enter the bloodstream, spleen and lymph nodes.